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transactions (at least in the short term). This was   Not unexpectedly, the past six months have also seen   Many companies suspended dividend payments, leading
 combined with some evidence of lenders changing both   considerable earnings volatility across the industry.   to what many describe as an essentially specials-based
 collateral composition and haircut levels, as they sought   Information recently released by DataLend underlines   business. Quite simply if you held specific stocks in
 to manage risk profiles particularly around less liquid   the difficult trading conditions, with overall revenues   your lending portfolio, then there were significant
 From a securities lending   asset classes such as non-investment grade issues. In   in the lender-to-broker markets reported at $3.89   opportunities. Many of these specific situations centred
        billion, some 14% down from the comparable period in
 perspective, overall activity   addition, there was some evidence of a small number   2019. Despite overall revenues being depressed across   around those companies and sectors where the impacts
                                                  of COVID-19 were being felt the most, such as airlines
 of institutional investors either withdrawing from the
 returned to more normal levels,   market or restricting their activity at this time. This is   both equity and fixed income markets, the lending of   and hospitality. Wirecard was a notable exception.
 with outstanding on-loan   perhaps not that unexpected, although it is important   government bond High Quality Liquid Assets (HQLA)   From an overall market perspective, we have tracked
        held up well, as market participants sought to secure
 to stress that we did not see the large number of
                                                  for some time the relationship between assets that
 balances closing the six month   institutional clients suspending programmes as was seen   these assets for multiple trading, balance sheet and   are made available by institutional investors in lending
 period at €2.2 trillion  in 2007/08.  collateral purposes. The decision of many corporates to   programmes, and loan balances from the perspective of
        cancel dividend payments to shareholders, most likely   the types of funds participating across the industry. As
 As markets returned to some sort of normality, the   had a knock on impact to securities lending markets as   the following charts demonstrate, we continue to see
 To put this in context, during the period between 19   dovish sentiments and stance from central banks helped   demand to borrow equities reduced.   disparity between the two.
 February and 23 March, the S&P 500 fell by over 33%,   ease liquidity concerns. The continued stimulus resulting
 highlighting the intrinsic link between lending pools   in excess cash in the system, allowed banks to roll
 and market valuations. From an on-loan perspective,   off excess funding taken on at the height of the crisis,
 balances rose steadily out of the year-end restrictions   thereby lowering their overall cost of funding. From a   8  %
 during January and February. As the impact of   securities lending perspective, overall activity returned
 COVID-19 began to feed through into financial markets   to normal levels, with outstanding on-loan balances   9%  25%
 in late February however, we saw considerable volatility   closing the six month period at €2.2 trillion.   8
 in on-loan balances. As ever at times of market stress,
 there were a number of factors that played out during   This was unchanged from the €2.3 trillion reported   Fig 3:
 the period. Firstly, as trading conditions deteriorated   as at the end of December, although the ISLA Global   Global Lendable Supply Value
 and funding profiles changed, a number of market   Securities Lending Aggregate reveals on-loan balances   By Fund Type
 participants either looked to terminate or rerate term   still remain at historic levels.
                      Source: DataLend                          9%
                                          16%
 Fig 2: ISLA Global Securities Lending Aggregate    Source: ISLA  6%

 €2.5T        44%                                                                 34%

 €2T                                                                 Fig 4:
                                                              Global Securities On-Loan
                                                            By Fund Type (Lender to Broker)
 On-Loan Balance  €1T                                            Source: DataLend
 €1.5T
                                                     22%
           Pension Plans
           Government/Sovereign Entities
 €0.5T
           Collective Investment Vehicle
           Insurance Companies                                         29%
 €0
 Dec 14  Jun 15  Dec 15  Jun 16  Dec 16  Jun 17  Dec 17  Jun 18  Dec 18  Jun 19  Dec 19  Jun 20  Others


 12  * See Data Methodologies for full details on page 50                               13
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